Who defined the concept of multiple intelligences, which includes seven distinct types?

The concept of multiple intelligences was defined by Howard Gardner in 1983. He proposed that intelligence is not a single entity, but rather a collection of distinct types of intelligences that each individual possesses to varying degrees. Gardner originally identified seven types of intelligences: linguistic, logical-mathematical, spatial, bodily-kinesthetic, musical, interpersonal, and intrapersonal. This framework has significantly influenced educational theory and practice, encouraging educators to recognize and nurture the diverse talents and abilities of students.

Gardner's theory emphasizes that traditional views of intelligence, often measured through standardized tests, do not capture the full range of human capabilities. By acknowledging multiple intelligences, educators can create more inclusive and effective learning environments tailored to the unique strengths of each student. This approach aligns with the principles of differentiated instruction, allowing for varied teaching strategies that cater to different learning preferences.