Which method encourages students to work either individually or cooperatively to solve a problem?

Problem-based learning is an educational approach that presents students with a real-world problem to solve, fostering critical thinking and problem-solving skills. In this method, students engage in both individual and cooperative work as they investigate the issue, gather information, analyze data, and develop solutions together. This collaborative environment not only enhances teamwork but also encourages diverse perspectives, as students can benefit from each other's insights and expertise.

The essence of problem-based learning lies in its student-centered focus, where the roles of teachers shift to facilitators who guide students through the learning process rather than merely dispensing information. This method not only empowers students to take charge of their learning but also helps them develop essential 21st-century skills such as communication, collaboration, and creativity.

In contrast, other methods like project-based learning may involve extended tasks but are more structured with specific outcomes, whereas inquiry-based learning focuses heavily on student-driven questions and investigations without a defined problem context. Discussion-based learning emphasizes dialogue rather than problem-solving, which might not involve the same depth of exploration into a specific issue.