What type of test measures the knowledge a person has acquired from instruction?

Achievement tests are specifically designed to assess the knowledge and skills that a person has acquired through instruction and educational experiences. These tests evaluate how well a student has grasped the material that has been taught to them within a specific timeframe or after completing a particular course or program.

The purpose of achievement tests is to measure a student’s performance in relation to what has been learned rather than predicting future success or measuring potential (which would be the role of aptitude tests). Moreover, while diagnostic tests are used to identify a student's strengths and weaknesses in specific subject areas, achievement tests more directly reflect what knowledge has been gained. Standardized tests, on the other hand, may serve various purposes including both achievement and comparative assessment across populations but do not exclusively measure learned knowledge from specific instruction. Therefore, achievement tests more accurately represent the assessment of knowledge acquired from educational instruction, making them the correct choice.